Island of Java, Indonesia: where it is located, when to go, and what to see

Vanessa Korovina

Updated: 20 August 2025 ·

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Travel Smart: Useful Information

Indonesia consists of a myriad of islands, including large, small, islets, and atolls, with the most important being the one that houses the capital, Jakarta. We're talking about the Island of Java, a territory with wonderful tropical beaches, high mountains, and rich forests of undeniable beauty, considered a magical place due to its strong and deep-rooted Buddhist culture.

A trip to the Island of Java is thus a mix of relaxation and discovery, of nature and religion, rituals and beliefs, but above all, a journey in the company of the joy and kindness of the locals who will help you appreciate their land even more. If you are not familiar with the Island of Java but would love to discover the beauty of this stunning place, read more about where it is located, when to go, and what to see!

Population 160 million
Capital Jakarta
Languages Bahasa Indonesia and English
Local currency Indonesian Rupiah (€1.00 = 15,990 IDR)
Climate tropical climate, average temperatures 25/32 °C
Vaccinations Yellow fever vaccination required for travelers coming from countries at risk of transmission
Entry requirements passport with at least six months of validity required
Distance from the USA 10,840 km (12-15 hours flight)

Where It Is and How to Get There

Java is the most important island in Indonesia, situated between the large island of Sumatra to the northwest and the small island of Bali to the southeast, bordered by the Java Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

The main arrival cities on the Island of Java are Jakarta and Surabaya, both connected to the USA by various airlines that, while not offering direct flights, allow for arrivals in a maximum of 15 hours with just one layover. The main layovers are Amsterdam if flying with KLM, Abu Dhabi with Etihad Airways, and Dubai with Emirates. Flights to Jakarta starting at €535.00 - Flights to Surabaya starting at €677.00

Getting Around

Java offers an extensive railway network that connects the entire island and links all the main cities. Within the metropolitan areas, it is easy to find taxi services and rentals for various vehicles, including cars, motorbikes, and bicycles (driving is on the left, and an international driver's license is required). In urban centers, one can also find more characteristic modes of transport such as rickshaws, both manual and motorized, small vans, and horse-drawn carriages.

When to Go? Climate and Best Time Information

Climate humid tropical climate with consistently high temperatures between 25 and 32°, the same applies for the sea temperature always around 29°. Rainfall occurs for much of the year and is very intense, except for the summer months which have few rainy days and not very abundant rain.
Best period from May to October as it is the dry season with scarce rains.
Period to avoid from November to April due to frequent rains and the risk of tropical cyclones.
Tips in packing, just bring everything necessary for the beach and light clothing, but if your trip involves visiting temples, you will also need long pants and a jacket to cover your shoulders. We recommend bringing rubber shoes for those planning to go snorkeling around the coral reef.

Main Cities of Java

1 - Jakarta (Jakarta)

The capital of Indonesia, located on the northwest coast of Java, is the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. Jakarta is a rapidly expanding metropolis, with a wide range of tourist attractions, shopping districts, and continuously developing urban infrastructure.

2 - Surabaya

central surabaya view taken from jw marriott surabaya

The second largest city in Indonesia, located on the eastern coast of Java, is an important industrial and commercial center. Surabaya is known for its history, which includes a significant role in the struggle for Indonesia's independence.

3 - Yogyakarta (Jogja)

yogyakarta indonesia prambanan temple complex 23

Yogyakarta is considered the cultural heart of Java, known for its artistic traditions, including dance, music, and batik. The city is also the gateway to the famous temples of Borobudur and Prambanan.

4 - Bandung

Located southeast of Jakarta, Bandung is famous for its Dutch colonial heritage, universities, fashion, and food. It is also known for its cool temperatures due to its location in a valley surrounded by volcanic mountains.

5 - Semarang

Capital of Central Java, Semarang offers an interesting mix of Dutch and Javanese culture, featuring a beautiful historic center, colonial buildings, and the grand mosque of Semarang.

6 - Solo (Surakarta)

Like Yogyakarta, Solo is known for its strong Javanese cultural identity, with numerous royal palaces, traditional markets, and a vibrant arts scene.

7 - Malang

Located inland in East Java, Malang is famous for its cool climate, surrounding tea and coffee plantations, and proximity to natural sites such as Mount Bromo.

8 - Probolinggo

Located on the northern coast of Java, it may not be as large or important as other Javanese cities in terms of size, population, or economy. However, it has significant tourist importance due to its strategic geographic position, being one of the main access points to Mount Bromo, one of Indonesia's most famous and active volcanoes.

What to See: Main Points of Interest

1 - Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is perhaps the most renowned Buddhist temple on the Island of Java, located in the central area and belonging to the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is a massive historical-religious site dating back to the 8th century AD, divided into terraces and levels, each with its own significance.

It is compared to the Pyramids of Giza in size and structure. With 1,600,000 stone blocks, 2,672 reliefs telling the stories of Buddha, and 504 dedicated statues, it represents the most visited monument in Indonesia. Characterized by 10 terraces symbolizing the spiritual path to nirvana, it was built by the Sailendra dynasty in a symbolic location, reminiscent of sacred Asian places. Designed by Gunadharma, it reflects multicultural influences. After periods of decline and obscurity, it was rediscovered in the 19th century, miraculously surviving an earthquake in 2006. Get directions

2 - Prambanan Temple

A complex of Hindu temples from the 9th century, also located near Yogyakarta, dedicated to the Trimurti, the Hindu expression of the divine trinity. At sunset, the light creates a unique atmosphere that enhances the intricate sculptures.

Visiting the Prambanan temple, a UNESCO heritage site and the largest Hindu complex in Indonesia, is an unmissable experience if you are in Yogyakarta. Located just 15 km from the city, this fascinating site is easily reachable by bus, taxi, or through organized tours that often include entrance and a guide, recommended to fully appreciate the history and architecture of the place. The ideal visit lasts about 1.5 hours, preferably in the afternoon to enjoy a picturesque sunset over the ruins. During the dry months, from May to October, do not miss the evening performance of the Ramayana at the outdoor theater, an epic narrative featuring over 200 dancers and musicians under the light of the full moon. Get directions

3 - Ijen Crater

Kawah Ijen, one of Indonesia's 130 volcanoes, is famous for its acid lake, the largest in the world, and its spectacular blue flames visible at night, a unique phenomenon due to sulfur gas emissions. These flames, which can reach heights of 5 meters and exceed 600 °C, offer a breathtaking natural spectacle, making night excursions a must-do experience. In addition to the natural beauty, visitors can closely observe the hard work of sulfur miners, who carry heavy loads on their backs. For protection from toxic emissions, it is necessary to wear a gas mask, available for rent. The visit requires a night hike of several hours, recommending to dress in layers and bring trekking essentials. Despite its challenges, the excursion to Kawah Ijen remains an exciting experience filled with natural wonders. Get directions

4 - Mount Bromo

Part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Mount Bromo is an active volcano known for its lunar landscape and breathtaking views at sunrise. The hike to the crater offers unforgettable views.

Exploring Mount Bromo is an unforgettable adventure for those seeking contact with nature and breathtaking landscapes. With its height of 2393 meters and surrounded by stretches of untouched land, Bromo offers a unique experience, especially at dawn and sunset, when the volcano reveals all its majesty. Reaching Bromo is feasible by passing through Probolinggo and the village of Cemoro Lawang, from which you can access the volcano. The adventure requires a good dose of adaptability, but witnessing the enchanting sunrise from the highest point of the mountain is an experience that remains imprinted in the heart and is well worth it. Get directions

5 - Keraton (Sultan's Palace)

The city of Yogyakarta is the heart of Javanese culture. Visiting the Sultan's Palace (Keraton) offers a glimpse into Javanese royal life and traditional art.

Yogyakarta is an urban gem that offers a myriad of cultural and entertainment activities. For an unforgettable stay, the Prawirotaman neighborhood is recommended for its curated and tranquil atmosphere, in contrast to the busier Malioboro area. An unmissable experience is exploring the city on a Becak, the traditional Indonesian tricycle, which allows you to easily move between various attractions for a modest fee.

Immersing yourself in local life by strolling through the streets of Prawirotaman is an experience not to be missed, with its food market where you can purchase fruits, vegetables, and souvenirs. Get directions

6 - Old Town of Jakarta (Kota)

In the heart of Jakarta lies Kota, or the old city, which encapsulates the history and culture of the region. An ideal starting point to explore Jakarta is Taman Fatahillah, the historic central square surrounded by buildings that testify to the golden age of Dutch rule. Here, you can immerse yourself in local traditions by watching performances like the Ondel-ondel, and visit highly significant museums like the Museum of Jakarta History, housed in the old municipal building and rich with relics from the colonial period. Get directions

7 - Tumpak Sewu Waterfall

Located between Malang and Lumajang, these waterfalls are among the most spectacular in Java, offering an almost prehistoric landscape surrounded by lush vegetation.

The hike to the base of Tumpak Sewu, although not allowing swimming, enables you to feel the powerful force of the water, an unforgettable experience that requires a descent through bamboo steps and small streams.

For adventurers, it is important to be well prepared: it is recommended to wear appropriate footwear and bring water. A visit to Tumpak Sewu takes about 2-3 hours in total, including descent, exploration at the base of the waterfall, and ascent.

Situated 2-3 hours by car from Malang, Tumpak Sewu waterfall can be explored through an organized tour or by hiring a driver for the day. Alternatively, you can stay in Lumajang, a bit closer to the waterfall. However, for those wishing to combine the visit with a tour of Bromo, a one-day excursion from Malang is recommended. Get directions

8 - Tea Plantations in Bandung

beautiful tea plantation in ciwidey bandung west java photographed by javatourism com

The area around Bandung, thanks to its cool climate, hosts extensive tea plantations that offer a relaxing experience and lush green views. Explore the region of volcanic Tangkuban Perahu: you can walk around its crater until you reach the stunning tea plantation. Be sure not to miss the Malabar Tea Plantation, where you can visit an old manor house to discover historical information and curiosities. Get directions

9 - Ujung Kulon National Park

Although it is better known for being located in the western part of the island, near Java, this national park is the last refuge of the endangered Javan rhinoceros. It offers beautiful beaches, jungle hikes, and the opportunity to see rich biodiversity. Get directions

10 - City of Solo (Surakarta)

batik clothes hung to dry kauman surakarta

Famous for its batik markets, royal palaces, and traditional Javanese cuisine. A great place to immerse yourself in local traditions. Get directions

11 - Green Canyon

Green Canyon is a series of inlets between rocks where several streams flow through, creating beautiful colors and much fun thanks to the opportunity to dive or go rafting. It is located in the central area of the Island of Java, not far from the southern coast, and although it is a wonderful natural attraction, the canyon is still not very popular among tourists as it is not sufficiently advertised. Get directions

The Beautiful Beaches of Java

1 - Pangandaran

Pangandaran is the most famous and most visited beach on the Island of Java, also considered the most beautiful. It is located on the southern coast and is a long stretch of pristine white sand washed by clear waters and waves ideal for surfing and other sports, it is also surrounded by a convenient promenade, hotel facilities, and various tourist services. Get directions

2 - Batu Karas

Batu Karas is also located on the southern coast, just a few kilometers away. Like a true tropical beach, it features fine white sand and crystal-clear waters, but unlike its neighboring beach, it is less touristy even due to the presence of waves, making it one of the favorite spots for surfers. Get directions

3 - Kukup Beach

Kukup Beach is a small beach that extends into a cove on the southern coast. Reaching it is a bit challenging but once you arrive, you will be amazed by its golden sand and its high cliff that shelters it from wind and waves, making it very tranquil and wild at the same time. Get directions

4 - Parangtritis Beach

Parangtritis Beach is another wonderful southern beach formed by a long stretch of sand with dunes and rock formations at its back, giving it a distinctly wild appearance. Despite its beauty, the beach is known for the ancient Labuhan ceremony, a ritual that reconciles men and spirits. Get directions

5 - Timang Beach

Timang Beach is also located in the south of the island and is an unspoiled beach. It is famous for its picturesque wooden bridge that connects the mainland to a rocky island. The more adventurous can cross the bridge to reach the island and enjoy spectacular views of the ocean and exciting rides on the cable car. Get directions

6 - Anyer Beach

Anyer Beach is a beach on the northern coast formed by golden sand, cliffs, and stones, little frequented by tourists and ideal for relaxing, fishing, and snorkeling. From here, you can also admire some spectacular sunsets, among the most beautiful on the entire island. Get directions

7 - Merak Beach

With its golden sand, crystal-clear waters, and tranquil atmosphere, it is an ideal place to relax and enjoy the sea. Snorkeling enthusiasts can explore the rich marine life, while visitors can admire breathtaking sunsets. Get directions

Things to Do in the Island of Java: Excursions and Tours

Day 1 - Jakarta Arrival in Jakarta and exploration of the Old Town (Kota Tua) with its historical museums and colonial atmosphere.
Day 2 - Bandung Transfer by train to Bandung. Exploration of the city, famous for its art deco architecture and vibrant cultural scene.
Day 3 - Bandung Visit to lush Tea Plantations in Bandung, with opportunities for tastings and scenic walks.
Day 4 - Yogyakarta Transfer by train to Yogyakarta. Check-in and initial exploration of the city, the cultural heart of Java.
Day 5 - Borobudur Temple Sunrise excursion to admire the spectacular Borobudur Temple, the largest Buddhist monument in the world.
Day 6 - Prambanan Temple Visit to the magnificent Hindu temple complex of Prambanan, with its imposing spires and intricate sculptures.
Day 7 - Keraton (Yogyakarta) Exploration of the Kraton (Sultan's palace) and its cultural riches. Free time to discover local crafts.
Day 8 - Probolinggo Long transfer by train or car to Probolinggo, the base city for the excursion to Mount Bromo.
Day 9 - Mount Bromo Sunrise excursion to witness the sunrise over the majestic Mount Bromo and admire the surreal volcanic landscape. Transfer to Surabaya.
Day 10 - Surabaya Exploration of Surabaya, the second largest city in Java, with its historic monuments and bustling markets, before transferring to the airport for departure.

10-Day Itinerary: The Essence of Java - Culture and Volcanoes

Day 1 - Jakarta Arrival in Jakarta and exploration of the Old Town (Kota Tua) and the vibrant Glodok (Chinatown) area.
Day 2 - Bandung Transfer by train to Bandung. Visit to the Geological Museum and a walk along Jalan Braga, famous for its colonial architecture.
Day 3 - Bandung Excursion to Tea Plantations in Bandung and a visit to a traditional village to immerse in local culture.
Day 4 - Pangandaran Scenic transfer by car or train to the southern coast and the area of Pangandaran.
Day 5 - Green Canyon Exploration of the Pangandaran National Park and a boat adventure in the picturesque Green Canyon.
Day 6 - Yogyakarta Transfer by train or car to Yogyakarta, with possible stops along the way to admire the landscape.
Day 7 - Borobudur Temple Sunrise visit to Borobudur Temple, followed by exploration of the smaller temples of Mendut and Pawon.
Day 8 - Prambanan Temple Visit to the Prambanan complex and the archaeological site of Ratu Boko to admire the sunset.
Day 9 - Solo Exploration of the Keraton in Yogyakarta and a day trip to Solo (Surakarta) to visit the Mangkunegaran Palace.
Day 10 - Malang Transfer by train to Malang, a city with a cool climate surrounded by mountains.
Day 11 - Tumpak Sewu Waterfall Excursion to the spectacular Tumpak Sewu Waterfall, considered one of the most beautiful in Java.
Day 12 - Probolinggo Transfer to the area of Mount Bromo, with accommodation in a village near the volcano.
Day 13 - Mount Bromo Sunrise excursion to witness the sunrise over Mount Bromo and the impressive volcanic panorama. Transfer to Surabaya.
Day 14 - Surabaya Exploration of Surabaya, visiting the Heroes Monument and Cheng Ho Mosque, before transferring to the airport for departure.

14-Day Itinerary: Javanese Adventure - Nature, Culture, and Coasts

Day 1 - Jakarta Arrival in Jakarta and exploration of the Old Town (Kota Tua), the National Museum, and the modern Menteng neighborhood.
Day 2 - Jakarta Free day in Jakarta or the option for a boat excursion to the nearby Thousand Islands for a taste of island life.
Day 3 - Anyer Beach Transfer to the western coast and relax on Anyer Beach, enjoying the sea and sunset.
Day 4 - Ujung Kulon National Park Guided excursion (with necessary permits) in Ujung Kulon National Park, UNESCO heritage site, to spot wildlife, including the rare Javan rhinoceros (requires advance arrangement).
Day 5 - Bandung Scenic transfer to Bandung, crossing volcanic landscapes and rice fields.
Day 6 - Bandung Exploration of downtown Bandung, visit to the Asia-Africa Museum and shopping at one of the many fashion outlets.
Day 7 - Bandung Excursion to Tea Plantations in Bandung and visit to the volcanic crater of Kawah Putih.
Day 8 - Pangandaran Long transfer to the southern coast and the area of Pangandaran, with stops to enjoy the scenery.
Day 9 - Pangandaran Exploration of Pangandaran National Park, with options for snorkeling, swimming, and cave visits.
Day 10 - Green Canyon Boat excursion in the Green Canyon and relaxation at Batu Karas Beach, ideal for surfing.
Day 11 - Yogyakarta Transfer by train or car to Yogyakarta, with possible stops at Kukup Beach or Parangtritis Beach along the way.
Day 12 - Yogyakarta In-depth exploration of Yogyakarta, visiting the Beringharjo market, the Water Castle (Taman Sari), and watching a traditional Javanese dance performance.
Day 13 - Borobudur Temple Sunrise visit to Borobudur Temple for a magical experience and subsequent exploration of the surrounding villages.
Day 14 - Prambanan Temple Visit to the Prambanan complex and lesser-known but fascinating temples like Sewu and Plaosan.
Day 15 - Solo Visit to the Keraton in Yogyakarta and a day trip to Solo (Surakarta) to explore Keraton Kasunanan and Pasar Gede (central market).
Day 16 - Malang Transfer by train to Malang, with time to explore the city and prepare for the waterfall excursion.
Day 17 - Tumpak Sewu Waterfall Excursion to the majestic Tumpak Sewu Waterfall. For the more adventurous, there is the possibility of a trek (with a guide) to the volcanic lake of Ranu Kumbolo (requires time and preparation).
Day 18 - Ijen Crater Transfer to the Mount Bromo area and continue (possibly overnight) to the Ijen Crater area. Start the night hike to witness the sunrise and the phenomenon of the "blue flames" in the Ijen crater. Transfer to an airport (Banyuwangi is the closest, or return to Surabaya for the departure flight).

How Much Does a Vacation in Java Cost? Prices, Offers, and Tips

A vacation can be sustained on very little money, it all depends on one's expectations. Indonesia in general has a very low cost of living, so if one is not dreaming of luxury resorts and five-star vacations, it is possible to live on a very economical daily budget.

Once you book the flight, which is the most expensive part of the trip, but not too much if you plan ahead, you can find hostels and guesthouses between €3.00 and €5.00 even in high season with breakfast included. For other meals, you can opt for restaurants for both lunch and dinner where a complete meal costs about €5.00, not to mention street food which has even lower prices. The only more expensive services are car rentals at more than €50.00 per day and excursions at the same price, although sometimes these are necessary as relying on public transport can prove to be a waste of time.

Accommodation hostels and guesthouses from €3.00 per room with breakfast included - see offers
Low-cost flights Flights from Rome starting at €535.00 - Flights from Milan starting at €492.00
Food costs in restaurants a full meal costs about €5.00, let alone street food with even lower prices
Car rental average cost €50.00 per day, it's worth considering joining excursions with included transport
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